TREATMENT OF CANCER

Cancer can be treated by surgery, chemotherapy: radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy (including immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibody therapy) and synthetic lethality. The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumour and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient (performance status). A number of experimental...

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AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY

The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide:  voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer. Established in 1913, the society is organized into eleven geographical divisions of both medical and lay volunteers operating in more than 900 offices throughout the United States. Its home office is located in the American Cancer Society Centre in...

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TUMOUR HETEROGENEITY

Tumour heterogeneity describes the observation: that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression, metabolism, motility, proliferation, and metastatic potential. This phenomenon occurs both between tumours (inter-tumour heterogeneity) and within tumours (intra-tumour heterogeneity). A minimal...

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NEUROEPIGENETICS

Neuroepigenetics is the study of how epigenetic: changes to genes affect the nervous system. These changes may affect underlying conditions such as addiction, cognition, and neurological development. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression in the neuron. Often, these changes take place due to recurring stimuli. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms involve proteins or...

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HYPERTENSION

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood:  pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms. Long-term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, atria fibrillation, peripheral...

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PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

A paediatric intensive care unit (also paediatric): usually abbreviated to PICU (/ˈpɪkjuː/), is an area within a hospital specializing in the care of critically ill infants, children, and teenagers. A PICU is typically directed by one or more paediatric intensivists or PICU consultants and staffed by doctors, nurses, and respiratory therapists who are specially trained...

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EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

Emergency medical services (EMS): also known as ambulance services or paramedic services are emergency services which treat illnesses and injuries that require an urgent medical response, providing out-of-hospital treatment and transport to definitive care. They may also be known as a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance...

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